Pinaka Multi-Barrel Rocket Launcher: India’s Indigenous Artillery Powerhouse
Introduction to the Pinaka Multi-Barrel Rocket Launcher
The Pinaka Multi-Barrel Rocket Launcher (MBRL) is an indigenous, battle-proven artillery system developed by India’s Defence Research and Development Organisation (DRDO). Named after the mythical bow of Lord Shiva, Pinaka is designed to deliver devastating salvos of rockets against enemy positions, infrastructure, and armored formations. The system comprises two primary variants: Pinaka Mk-I, with a range of 40 km, and Pinaka Mk-II, with an extended range of 60–75 km, alongside advanced versions like the Guided Pinaka and the under-development Pinaka Mk-III (120 km). Capable of firing 12 rockets in 44 seconds, Pinaka is a cornerstone of the Indian Army’s artillery modernization program.
Developed under the Armament Research and Development Establishment (ARDE), Pinaka is a flagship of India’s Make in India initiative, with over 90% indigenous content. Its combat effectiveness was proven during the 1999 Kargil War, and its export to Armenia in November 2024, along with interest from nations like France, highlights its growing global prominence. Recent developments, including the validation of the Guided Pinaka in November 2024 and the unveiling of a 120 km Pinaka Mk-III variant at Aero India 2025, underscore its evolving role in India’s defense strategy.
This article provides a detailed analysis of the Pinaka MBRL, covering its technical specifications, development history, strategic importance, recent tests, and future potential. Optimized for SEO, it serves as a definitive resource for defense enthusiasts, policymakers, and researchers seeking insights into India’s artillery capabilities.
Historical Context of the Pinaka MBRL Program
Origins of India’s Artillery Modernization
India’s quest for an indigenous rocket artillery system began in the 1980s, driven by the need to modernize its artillery forces and reduce reliance on imported systems like the Soviet BM-21 Grad (40 km range). The Indian Army, facing threats from Pakistan’s armored divisions and China’s artillery along the Line of Actual Control (LAC), required a mobile, high-firepower system capable of saturating enemy positions. The Pinaka program, initiated by DRDO’s ARDE in 1986, aimed to develop a multi-barrel rocket launcher that could deliver precise, high-volume fire in diverse operational environments, from deserts to mountainous terrains.
The program was part of India’s broader effort to achieve self-reliance in defense technology, following the success of the Integrated Guided Missile Development Programme (IGMDP). Pinaka was envisioned as a cost-effective, indigenous alternative to foreign MBRLs, with a focus on rapid deployment, all-weather capability, and compatibility with India’s terrain and climate.
Evolution of the Pinaka System
The Pinaka MBRL has evolved through multiple variants, each addressing specific operational requirements:
- Pinaka Mk-I: The baseline variant, with a 40 km range, first tested in 1994 and inducted into the Indian Army in 2000. Used during the Kargil War to neutralize Pakistani positions.
- Pinaka Mk-I Enhanced: An upgraded version with a 45 km range, introduced in the 2010s, offering improved accuracy and payload.
- Pinaka Mk-II: An extended-range variant with a 60–75 km range, tested in 2016 and inducted in 2020. Includes the Extended Range (ER) version, reaching up to 90 km.
- Guided Pinaka: A precision-guided variant with a 75–90 km range, incorporating inertial navigation and satellite guidance. Successfully validated in November 2024.
- Pinaka Mk-III: An advanced variant under development, with a reported range of 120 km, unveiled at Aero India 2025 (February 2025).
Key milestones include the first successful test in 1994, operational deployment during the 1999 Kargil War, and the export of Pinaka systems to Armenia in November 2024, marking India’s entry into the global rocket artillery market.
Technical Specifications of the Pinaka MBRL System
The Pinaka MBRL is designed for rapid, high-volume fire against area targets. Below is a detailed breakdown of the specifications for each variant, based on verified data from credible sources.
1. Pinaka Mk-I
- Type: Multi-Barrel Rocket Launcher (MBRL)
- Range: 10–40 km
- Rate of Fire: 12 rockets in 44 seconds (single launcher); 72 rockets in 44 seconds (battery of 6 launchers)
- Rocket Caliber: 214 mm
- Rocket Length: 4.95 meters
- Rocket Weight: 280 kg
- Warhead: 100 kg (High-Explosive Fragmentation, Pre-Fragmented, Incendiary, Anti-Tank, Anti-Personnel)
- Propulsion: Solid-fuel rocket motor
- Guidance: Unguided, free-flight trajectory
- Launcher: 12-barrel pod mounted on Tatra 8×8 high-mobility truck
- Crew: 6–8 personnel
- Reload Time: ~15 minutes
- Accuracy (CEP): ~1–2% of range (400–800 meters at 40 km)
- Status: Operational, deployed in 10 Indian Army regiments
- Engagement Conditions: All-weather, day/night
- Targets: Troop concentrations, armored formations, fortifications, supply depots
Overview: Pinaka Mk-I is a robust, unguided MBRL designed for area saturation. Each launcher carries two pods of six rockets, delivering nearly 1.2 tonnes of explosive force per salvo. Its mobility, provided by the Tatra 8×8 truck, ensures rapid deployment across diverse terrains. The system’s combat effectiveness was proven during the Kargil War, where it neutralized Pakistani bunkers at high altitudes.
Strategic Role: Pinaka Mk-I provides the Indian Army with a rapid-response artillery system, ideal for counter-battery fire and neutralizing enemy positions in conventional and asymmetric conflicts.
2. Pinaka Mk-I Enhanced
- Type: Multi-Barrel Rocket Launcher
- Range: 10–45 km
- Rate of Fire: 12 rockets in 44 seconds
- Rocket Caliber: 214 mm
- Rocket Length: 4.95 meters
- Rocket Weight: ~280 kg
- Warhead: 100 kg (configurable as above)
- Propulsion: Solid-fuel rocket motor
- Guidance: Unguided, with improved stabilization
- Launcher: Tatra 8×8 truck (12-barrel pod)
- Crew: 6–8 personnel
- Reload Time: ~15 minutes
- Accuracy (CEP): ~0.8–1.5% of range (360–675 meters at 45 km)
- Status: Operational, deployed alongside Mk-I
- Engagement Conditions: All-weather, day/night
- Targets: Similar to Mk-I
Overview: Pinaka Mk-I Enhanced improves on the baseline variant with a slightly extended range (45 km) and enhanced stabilization, reducing dispersion. Its unguided rockets remain effective for area targets, delivering high explosive payloads with minimal setup time.
Strategic Role: The enhanced variant bolsters the Indian Army’s ability to engage targets at slightly longer ranges, supporting operations in deeper enemy territory.
3. Pinaka Mk-II
- Type: Multi-Barrel Rocket Launcher
- Range: 20–75 km (standard); up to 90 km (Extended Range, ER)
- Rate of Fire: 12 rockets in 44 seconds
- Rocket Caliber: 214 mm
- Rocket Length: ~5 meters
- Rocket Weight: ~325 kg
- Warhead: 100–120 kg (High-Explosive, Incendiary, Cluster, Anti-Tank)
- Propulsion: Advanced solid-fuel rocket motor
- Guidance: Unguided (standard); inertial navigation for ER variant
- Launcher: Tatra 8×8 truck (12-barrel pod)
- Crew: 6–8 personnel
- Reload Time: ~15 minutes
- Accuracy (CEP): ~0.5–1% of range (375–750 meters at 75 km)
- Status: Operational, inducted in 2020
- Engagement Conditions: All-weather, day/night
- Targets: Fortifications, armored columns, radar sites, command centers
Overview: Pinaka Mk-II extends the system’s range to 60–75 km, with the Extended Range (ER) version reaching 90 km, making it comparable to modern MBRLs like the Russian BM-30 Smerch (90 km). Its heavier warhead and improved propulsion enhance lethality, while the ER variant’s inertial navigation reduces dispersion. The system’s mobility and rapid salvo capability make it a formidable asset.
Strategic Role: Pinaka Mk-II provides the Indian Army with a standoff capability, enabling strikes against deeper targets, such as enemy artillery or logistics hubs, while remaining outside the range of counter-battery fire.
4. Guided Pinaka
- Type: Precision-Guided Multi-Barrel Rocket Launcher
- Range: 20–90 km
- Rate of Fire: 12 rockets in 44 seconds
- Rocket Caliber: 214 mm
- Rocket Length: ~5 meters
- Rocket Weight: ~325 kg
- Warhead: 100–120 kg (configurable as above)
- Propulsion: Advanced solid-fuel rocket motor
- Guidance: Inertial Navigation System (INS) with GPS/BeiDou/GLONASS, optional laser guidance
- Launcher: Tatra 8×8 truck (12-barrel pod)
- Crew: 6–8 personnel
- Reload Time: ~15 minutes
- Accuracy (CEP): <20 meters, validated in November 2024 trials
- Status: Successfully tested, awaiting full induction
- Engagement Conditions: All-weather, day/night
- Targets: High-value assets, radar stations, command posts, fortified positions
Overview: The Guided Pinaka introduces precision guidance, achieving a CEP of less than 20 meters, a significant improvement over unguided variants. Its INS/GPS guidance, combined with a multi-target engagement capability in salvo mode, was validated in November 2024 trials, confirming ranging, accuracy, consistency, and rate of fire. The system delivers nearly 7 tonnes of explosive force per battery salvo (6 launchers).
Strategic Role: Guided Pinaka enables surgical strikes against high-value targets, reducing collateral damage and enhancing effectiveness in urban or complex terrains.
5. Pinaka Mk-III (Under Development)
- Type: Long-Range Multi-Barrel Rocket Launcher
- Range: 120 km (reported)
- Rate of Fire: 12 rockets in 44 seconds
- Rocket Caliber: ~250 mm (high-caliber, estimated)
- Rocket Length: ~5.5 meters (estimated)
- Rocket Weight: ~350 kg (estimated)
- Warhead: 120–150 kg (configurable)
- Propulsion: Advanced solid-fuel rocket motor
- Guidance: INS/GPS with precision guidance
- Launcher: Tatra 8×8 truck or new platform (under design)
- Crew: 6–8 personnel
- Reload Time: ~15 minutes
- Accuracy (CEP): <15 meters (expected)
- Status: Under development, unveiled at Aero India 2025
- Engagement Conditions: All-weather, day/night
- Targets: Strategic assets, airfields, logistics hubs, missile launchers
Overview: Pinaka Mk-III, unveiled at Aero India 2025, is a high-caliber variant with a 120 km range, designed to compete with advanced MBRLs like Pakistan’s A-100E (120 km). Developed by DRDO and produced by Solar Industries, it aims to deliver precision strikes at extended ranges, enhancing India’s long-range artillery capabilities.
Strategic Role: Pinaka Mk-III will provide the Indian Army with a strategic artillery system, capable of targeting deep enemy infrastructure and countering long-range threats.
Strategic Significance of the Pinaka MBRL
Role in India’s Artillery Strategy
The Pinaka MBRL is a cornerstone of the Indian Army’s artillery modernization, addressing threats from regional adversaries:
- Pakistan: Pakistan’s artillery, including the A-100E (120 km) and M-109 howitzers, poses a challenge along the Line of Control (LoC). Pinaka’s rapid salvo capability and Guided Pinaka’s precision counter these threats, as demonstrated in May 2025 exercises at Pokhran following the Pahalgam terror attack.
- China: China’s PHL-03 (130 km) and Type 05 artillery systems along the LAC require a robust response. Pinaka Mk-II and Guided Pinaka’s 75–90 km range, combined with the upcoming Mk-III’s 120 km range, enhance India’s ability to engage Chinese positions from safe distances.
- Asymmetric Threats: Pinaka’s ability to saturate insurgent positions in Jammu & Kashmir or Northeast India makes it effective in counter-insurgency operations.
The system’s all-weather, day/night capability and mobility ensure operational flexibility across India’s diverse terrains, from Rajasthan’s deserts to Ladakh’s mountains.
Contribution to Self-Reliance
Pinaka’s 90% indigenous content aligns with India’s Make in India initiative. Developed by DRDO’s ARDE, manufactured by BDL, Tata Power SED, and Larsen & Toubro, and supported by private firms like Solar Industries, the program involves over 500 Indian industries. Its cost-effectiveness, estimated at $1–2 million per launcher versus $5 million for the Russian BM-30 Smerch, makes it a sustainable solution.
Operational Deployment
- Indian Army: Deployed in 10 regiments, with plans to raise additional units by 2030. Each regiment includes 18–24 launchers, organized into batteries of 6.
- Exports: Armenia received its first Pinaka battery (4 launchers) in November 2024, part of a $250 million deal for 15 systems, with deliveries continuing through 2029.
- International Interest: France is evaluating Pinaka for its army, with discussions reported in November 2024. Other nations, including Indonesia and Nigeria, have shown interest, reflecting Pinaka’s global appeal.
Pinaka’s ability to fire 72 rockets in 44 seconds per battery, delivering 7 tonnes of explosive force, makes it a game-changer in combat.
Technological Advancements in the Pinaka MBRL
Rocket Propulsion
- Pinaka Mk-I/Enhanced: Uses a solid-fuel rocket motor, providing reliable performance up to 40–45 km. Its simplicity ensures low maintenance.
- Pinaka Mk-II/ER: Features an advanced solid-fuel motor, extending the range to 75–90 km. The ER variant’s enhanced propellant reduces dispersion.
- Guided Pinaka: Incorporates a high-performance motor with precision guidance, achieving 75–90 km range and <20-meter accuracy.
- Pinaka Mk-III: Expected to use a high-energy solid-fuel motor with a larger caliber (~250 mm), enabling a 120 km range.
The propulsion systems’ reliability was validated in November 2024 Guided Pinaka trials, confirming consistency and rate of fire.
Guidance and Accuracy
- Unguided Variants (Mk-I, Mk-II): Rely on free-flight trajectories with aerodynamic stabilization, achieving CEPs of 0.5–2% of range. Suitable for area saturation but less effective against point targets.
- Guided Pinaka: Uses INS/GPS guidance with multi-constellation support (GPS, BeiDou, GLONASS), achieving a CEP of <20 meters. Optional laser guidance enhances precision against moving targets. Validated in November 2024 for multi-target engagement in salvo mode.
- Pinaka Mk-III: Expected to feature advanced INS/GPS with potential terminal guidance (e.g., radar or electro-optical), targeting a CEP of <15 meters.
The Guided Pinaka’s precision reduces the number of rockets needed, improving cost-effectiveness and minimizing collateral damage.
Warhead Design
Pinaka rockets offer configurable warheads:
- High-Explosive Fragmentation (100–150 kg): For troop concentrations and fortifications.
- Pre-Fragmented: Maximizes shrapnel damage against personnel and light vehicles.
- Incendiary: Creates firestorms for area denial.
- Anti-Tank: Submunitions for armored formations.
- Cluster: Multiple bomblets for wide-area coverage.
The warheads’ versatility ensures mission-specific lethality, validated in Kargil War and recent exercises.
Launcher and Mobility
- Launcher: Each Pinaka launcher, mounted on a Tatra 8×8 truck, carries two pods of six 214 mm rockets. The truck’s high mobility enables rapid repositioning, critical for avoiding counter-battery fire.
- Battery Configuration: A typical battery includes 6 launchers, a Digitized Fire Control System (DFCS), a Command Post, and support vehicles (e.g., Loader-cum-Replenishment Vehicle).
- Reload System: The Replenishment Vehicle reloads pods in ~15 minutes, ensuring sustained fire.
The system’s mobility was demonstrated in May 2025 Pokhran exercises, where Pinaka units were rapidly deployed post the Pahalgam attack.
Fire Control and Networking
- Digitized Fire Control System (DFCS): Integrates meteorological data, target coordinates, and launcher status for accurate fire planning. The DFCS supports salvo, ripple, and time-on-target modes.
- Network-Centric Warfare: Pinaka integrates with the Indian Army’s Artillery Combat Command and Control System (ACCCS), enabling real-time targeting and coordination with drones and satellites.
- Guided Pinaka: Features advanced fire control with multi-target tracking, validated in November 2024 trials.
These advancements enhance Pinaka’s ability to deliver precise, coordinated strikes in dynamic battlefields.
Development and Testing Timeline
Key Milestones
- 1986: Pinaka program initiated by DRDO’s ARDE.
- 1994: First successful Pinaka Mk-I test, demonstrating 40 km range.
- 1999: Pinaka Mk-I deployed during Kargil War, neutralizing Pakistani positions.
- 2000: Pinaka Mk-I inducted into Indian Army.
- 2010s: Pinaka Mk-I Enhanced developed, extending range to 45 km.
- 2016: Pinaka Mk-II tested, achieving 60–75 km range.
- 2020: Pinaka Mk-II and ER variant (90 km) inducted.
- November 2020: Guided Pinaka tested, demonstrating precision guidance.
- November 2024: Validation trials of Guided Pinaka completed, confirming PSQR parameters (ranging, accuracy, rate of fire).
- November 2024: First Pinaka battery delivered to Armenia, part of a $250 million deal.
- February 2025: Pinaka Mk-III (120 km) unveiled at Aero India 2025, with trials planned for 2026.
- May 2025: Pinaka exercises conducted at Pokhran, showcasing operational readiness post-Pahalgam attack.
Recent Developments (2024–2025)
- November 2024: Guided Pinaka trials validated multi-target engagement, achieving a CEP of <20 meters and confirming salvo-mode performance.
- November 2024: Armenia received its first Pinaka battery (4 launchers, rockets, and support systems), with deliveries continuing through 2029.
- February 2025: DRDO announced Pinaka Mk-III at Aero India 2025, with a 120 km range and high-caliber rockets, developed in collaboration with Solar Industries.
- May 2025: Indian Army conducted Pinaka exercises at Pokhran, firing 72 rockets in 44 seconds, demonstrating readiness amid India-Pakistan tensions.
These developments highlight Pinaka’s operational maturity and India’s growing defense export capabilities.
Challenges and Controversies
Technical Challenges
- Accuracy: Unguided Pinaka variants (Mk-I, Mk-II) had CEPs of 0.5–2%, limiting effectiveness against point targets. The Guided Pinaka’s <20-meter CEP, validated in 2024, addressed this.
- Range: Pinaka Mk-I’s 40 km range was shorter than competitors like the BM-30 Smerch (90 km). Mk-II and Mk-III variants have closed this gap, with ranges of 75–120 km.
- Production Delays: Limited capacity at BDL and Tata Power SED delayed regiment induction, though recent contracts have scaled up production.
These challenges were overcome through iterative testing and private-sector involvement.
Strategic Concerns
- Regional Arms Race: Pakistan’s A-100E (120 km) outranges Pinaka Mk-II, prompting the development of Pinaka Mk-III. X posts note this gap, but Guided Pinaka’s precision offers a tactical edge.
- Export Scrutiny: Armenia’s acquisition of Pinaka raised concerns in Azerbaijan, potentially escalating regional tensions. India maintains that exports are defensive and align with international norms.
- Global Competition: Pinaka faces competition from systems like China’s PHL-03 (130 km) and Russia’s Tornado-S (120 km). Its lower cost (~$1–2 million per launcher) and indigenous supply chain enhance its appeal.
India asserts that Pinaka is a defensive asset, strengthening deterrence without escalating conflicts.
Future Prospects of the Pinaka MBRL
Pinaka Mk-III and Beyond
- Pinaka Mk-III: With a 120 km range and high-caliber rockets, Mk-III will compete with global MBRLs. Trials are planned for 2026, with induction by 2030.
- Extended Variants: DRDO is exploring 150–200 km range rockets, potentially integrating hypersonic propulsion for strategic strikes.
- Smart Munitions: Future warheads may include sensor-fuzed submunitions or loitering capabilities, enhancing precision and lethality.
Expanded Deployment
- Indian Army: Plans to raise 6–8 additional regiments by 2030, equipping them with Guided Pinaka and Mk-III variants.
- Exports: Armenia’s $250 million deal (15 systems) sets a precedent, with France, Indonesia, and Nigeria expressing interest.
- Naval Integration: Potential adaptation for coastal defense, targeting enemy ships or shore installations.
Technological Upgrades
DRDO is exploring:
- Hypersonic Rockets: For Pinaka Mk-III or future variants, achieving Mach 5+ speeds.
- AI-Driven Fire Control: Enhancing target prioritization and salvo coordination.
- Networked Operations: Integration with drones and satellites for real-time targeting.
These upgrades will ensure Pinaka’s relevance in future artillery warfare.
Strategic and Export Potential
- Regional Deterrence: Pinaka Mk-III and Guided Pinaka will counter Pakistan’s A-100E and China’s PHL-03, strengthening India’s position along the LoC and LAC.
- Global Market: Pinaka’s cost-effectiveness and proven performance position India as a competitive player in the MBRL market, rivaling Russia and China.
- Defense Diplomacy: Exports to Armenia and potential deals with France enhance India’s strategic partnerships.
Comparative Analysis with Global MBRL Systems
Pinaka Mk-II vs. BM-30 Smerch (Russia)
| System | Country | Range (km) | Rockets per Salvo | Guidance | Warhead |
| Pinaka Mk-II | India | 60–90 | 12 | Unguided/INS | 100–120 kg |
| BM-30 Smerch | Russia | 20–90 | 12 | Unguided/INS | 243 kg |
Analysis: Pinaka Mk-II matches the Smerch’s range but offers a lighter, more mobile platform. Guided Pinaka’s <20-meter CEP surpasses the Smerch’s unguided accuracy, while its lower cost enhances affordability.
Pinaka Mk-III vs. A-100E (China/Pakistan)
| System | Country | Range (km) | Rockets per Salvo | Guidance | Warhead |
| Pinaka Mk-III | India | 120 | 12 | INS/GPS | 120–150 kg |
| A-100E | China | 120 | 10 | INS/GPS | ~200 kg |
Analysis: Pinaka Mk-III’s 120 km range equals the A-100E, but its high-caliber rockets and planned precision guidance offer tactical advantages. India’s indigenous supply chain ensures sustainability, unlike Pakistan’s reliance on Chinese imports.
Pinaka Guided vs. M142 HIMARS (USA)
| System | Country | Range (km) | Rockets per Salvo | Guidance | Warhead |
| Guided Pinaka | India | 75–90 | 12 | INS/GPS | 100–120 kg |
| M142 HIMARS | USA | 15–300 | 6 | GPS/INS | ~90 kg |
Analysis: HIMARS’ longer-range rockets (e.g., ATACMS, 300 km) outrange Guided Pinaka, but Pinaka’s 12-rocket salvo delivers greater firepower per launch. Pinaka’s lower cost (~$1–2 million vs. $5 million for HIMARS) makes it a cost-effective alternative.
Conclusion
The Pinaka Multi-Barrel Rocket Launcher is a testament to India’s indigenous defense capabilities, offering a versatile, high-firepower artillery system with Pinaka Mk-I (40 km), Mk-II (60–75 km), Guided Pinaka (75–90 km), and the upcoming Mk-III (120 km). Deployed in 10 Indian Army regiments and exported to Armenia in November 2024, Pinaka has proven its combat effectiveness, notably during the Kargil War and recent May 2025 exercises at Pokhran. Its 90% indigenous content and cost-effectiveness make it a flagship of the Make in India initiative.
Recent advancements, including the November 2024 Guided Pinaka trials and the February 2025 unveiling of Pinaka Mk-III, position India as a rising player in the global MBRL market. With interest from France and other nations, Pinaka’s export potential is growing. As DRDO explores hypersonic rockets and smart munitions, Pinaka will remain a cornerstone of India’s artillery strategy, enhancing deterrence against regional adversaries. This article provides a comprehensive guide to the Pinaka MBRL, optimized for both readers and search engines, and serves as a valuable resource for understanding India’s rocket artillery technology.
Sources:
- Wikipedia: Pinaka multi-barrel rocket launcher
- Army Recognition: First Delivery of Pinaka MLRS to Armenia, November 25, 2024
- Jagran Josh: What is Pinaka Multi-Barrel Rocket Launcher?, February 12, 2025
- Janes: DRDO develops new Pinaka rocket variant, February 14, 2025
- Testbook: Pinaka Missile (Multi Barrel Rocket Launcher System), May 2025
- YouTube: First Delivery of Pinaka MLRS to Armenia, 2024
- Sunday Guardian Live: India Demonstrates Operational Readiness with Pinaka, May 5, 2025
- Economic Times: India starts exporting Pinaka weapon systems to Armenia, November 24, 2024
- LiveMint: Pinaka Weapon System successfully tested, November 15, 2024
- IAS Gyan: Pinaka Mk-III, August 12, 2024
- Defence Blog: Armenia buys Indian Pinaka rocket launchers, March 18, 2024
- BW Defence: India To Export Pinaka Rocket System To Armenia, September 29, 2022
- Alpha Defense: Pinaka 120 KM, March 7, 2025
- Army Recognition: France Considers Acquisition of Pinaka, November 11, 2024
- DRDO: Newspapers Clippings, October 19, 2022
- Indian Defense News: Growing Interest in Pinaka, November 13, 2024
- VPK: Armenia buys weapons from India, October 3, 2022
- X Posts: @ByRakeshSimha, @Baliyan_x, @Defence_PK99, @anishsingh21, @IndianArmyinJK, @DRDO_India, @SpokespersonMoD, @Eternaldharma_
Note: All information has been cross-checked for accuracy. X posts are treated as inconclusive unless corroborated by authoritative sources. Speculative details, such as Pinaka Mk-III’s exact specifications, are clearly marked as estimates based on available data.
Keywords: Pinaka missile, multi-barrel rocket launcher, Pinaka Mk-I, Pinaka Mk-II, Pinaka Mk-III, DRDO, Indian Army, artillery system, Armenia export, 2025 developments.
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